Revisiting the Emerging Pharmacological Perspectives of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Abstract

A mythical plant indigenous to the southern Asian area known as Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Oleaceae) is highly valued for its therapeutic properties in Ayurveda. The plant contains a number of Phytoconstituents, and almost every part of the plant has pharmacological properties. In order to identify therapeutic potential and gaps requiring more study, the current review includes an ethnopharmacological evaluation that focuses on data on the chemical components, pharmacological activities, and toxicity. In India most significant use of N. arbor-tristis for the treatment of intractable sciatica, arthritis, and intermittent fevers. The plant's crude extracts and isolated components have pharmacological activity against inflammation, malaria, viral infection, leishmaniasis, and as an immunostimulant. Iridoid glucosides, including Arbortristoside A, B, and C from the seeds, are a prominent family of physiologically active substances that have anticancer, anti-leishmania, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties. It has been stated that the leaves' calceolarioside A, 4-hydroxyhexahydrobenzofuran-7one, and β-sitosterol are each effective against leishmaniasis, cancer, and inflammation, respectively. While arbortristoside-A isolated from the seeds had an LD₅₀ of 0.5 g/kg, the crude extracts were determined to be safe with an LD₅₀ of 16 gm/kg.The majority of the time, in-vitro or occasionally in-vivo models offer some evidence, particularly when it comes to the treatment of inflammatory illnesses like arthritis, fevers associated with malaria, and protozoan infections, particularly leishmaniasis. The sole clinical trial discovered only used crude extract to treat malaria. For crude extracts or pure chemicals, more thorough safety data must also be collected on cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity and acute and subacute toxicity.