The Impact of Yoga Practice on Pulmonary Function: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary function is crucial for overall health, as it involves the efficient exchange of gases, ventilation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Yoga, particularly pranayama (breathing exercises), has been increasingly recognized for its potential benefits on respiratory health. However, the integration of yoga into clinical practice for managing respiratory conditions requires further exploration. Objectives: This review aims to evaluate the impact of yoga practices, with a focus on pranayama, on pulmonary function across various populations. The objectives include identifying patterns in existing research, understanding the physiological mechanisms involved, and providing recommendations for future research and clinical applications. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published over the past 20 years that assessed the effects of yoga on pulmonary function in both healthy individuals and those with respiratory conditions were included. Data extraction focused on study design, population characteristics, type of yoga practice, duration, frequency, and measures of pulmonary function. Results: The review found consistent evidence that yoga, particularly pranayama, significantly improves pulmonary function, including increases in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). These benefits were observed in both healthy individuals and those with chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. The underlying mechanisms include enhanced respiratory muscle strength, reduced inflammation, and better autonomic regulation. Conclusion: Yoga, especially pranayama, shows significant potential as a complementary intervention for improving pulmonary function. The findings support the integration of yoga into clinical practice for respiratory care, though further research is needed to optimize its use, particularly in terms of long-term effects and specific mechanisms. Personalized yoga interventions could be beneficial in enhancing respiratory health and overall well-being.