Therapeutic Potential of Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) in Managing Melasma: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications

Abstract

Background: There are many causes of melasma. Melasma occurs mainly because of heredity, hormones, and the environment, mainly UV radiation. Melasma causes abnormal melanin production in the skin, resulting in patches of irregular pigmentation. It can cause serious cosmetic as well as psychological problems in the afflicted individuals. Although hydroquinone is a widely used man-made drug, its side effects prompted individuals to look for other natural remedies. Objective: This review explains how Terminalia arjuna works to bleach the skin. It explains its antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and its modulating activity of melanin synthesis, all of which are implicated in Melasma. Discussion: Terminalia arjuna contains antioxidants like flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids. These reverse oxidative stress, one of the causative factors of Melasma. Its anti-inflammatory effect also protects the skin against harm through inhibition of damaging inflammation. Bark extract can affect melanin production through the control of an important enzyme tyrosinase. It also inhibits protein and skin pigmentation damage owing to environmental and metabolic stress. Conclusion: The therapeutic significance of Terminalia arjuna in the management of Melasma results from its multi-action against melanin pigmentation etiology. As a powerful, natural drug, it can be used in skin care routines to remove dark spots. Studies on its active components and products could potentially render it even more beneficial in modern skin care.