Ten Names of the Naga Sannyasi Tradition

Abstract

The "Ten Names of the Naga Sannyasi Tradition" delves into the historical and organizational life of the Naga Sannyasis, a venerated spiritual fraternity in India. Based on old traditions, the Dashnam Sannyasis were restructured by Acharya Shankar to boost their strategic and spiritual value. The narrative unfolds the complex evolution of the Naga Sannyasis, from their early formation as Paramahansa Sannyasis found in Upanishads to playing a pivotal role in protecting society at the time of foreign invasions. Acharya Shankar's systematic reorganization of these ascetics into a well-structured framework, similar to a contemporary military organization, ensured both the sustenance of spiritual beliefs and the safeguarding of Hindu society. The article explores the origin and functions of the different Akharas—like the Ahwan, Atal, and Mahanirvani Akharas—founded by prominent leaders. These Akharas were not only centers of spirituality but also centers of military training during pivotal moments in Indian history. Gradually, the number of Akharas increased to fourteen, each having its own traditions and worship gods. The Naga Sannyasis, with their rigorous organization and structural abilities, managed to maintain their traditions and even remain an indispensable part of Hindu society, mainly in the Kumbh Mela. Through this article, one can deeply understand the sacred, organizational, and protective services of the Naga Sannyasis throughout centuries.