Anti-Adipogenicity of Garcinia Indica Choisy. and Pterocarpus Marsupium Roxb. in 3T3-L1 cell line – A comparative study

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder associated with several chronic diseases. Modulating adipocyte differentiation, particularly during the early phase of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), is an important approach for limiting adipogenesis. Garcinia indica Choisy. (Family: Clusiaceae) and Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Family: Fabaceae) are classical Ayurvedic plants described for their potential in managing Medoroga and related metabolic disorders. This study investigates and compares their anti-adipogenic effects using the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte model. Materials and Methods: Aqueous extracts of Garcinia Indica Choisy and Pterocarpus Marsupium Roxb. were prepared and assessed for cytotoxicity on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) to determine safe concentrations. Non-toxic doses were used to treat 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation. Lipid accumulation was quantified following induction. The influence of both extracts on MCE and related adipogenic signaling markers was evaluated to understand underlying mechanisms. Results: Cytotoxicity studies confirmed that both plant extracts were safe and non-toxic on hMSCs. Differentiation assays demonstrated a significant reduction in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells treated with either extract. Garcinia Indica Choisy produced a more substantial inhibition of adipogenesis, particularly by attenuating proliferation during the MCE phase. Molecular analyses supported these observations, revealing down regulation of adipogenic pathways in treated groups. Conclusion: Both Garcinia Indica Choisy. and Pterocarpus Marsupium Roxb. exhibit promising anti-adipogenic potential. Garcinia Indica Roxb. showed superior activity, likely due to its stronger regulatory effects on MCE and associated signaling mechanisms. These findings support the traditional Ayurvedic use of these plants and highlight Garcinia Indica Roxb. as a more potent natural candidate for obesity management.