Cissus quadrangularis: An Herbal Remedy Climbing Towards Health & Wellness

Abstract

Traditional medical systems, such as Ayurveda and Siddha, have long acknowledged the many medicinal uses of the succulent plant Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), which is a member of the Vitaceae family. Popularly known as "Harjor" or "Bone Setter," CQ has attracted the attention of scientists due to its powerful ability to reduce inflammation, act as an antioxidant, alleviate pain, and rebuild bone. Plants with a high concentration of bioactive components, such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, ketosteroids, and phenolic compounds, have a wide range of potential medicinal uses. It is a potential natural option for osteoporosis and bone injuries, as shown in preclinical and clinical research that it speeds up fracture healing, increases bone mineral density, and modulates osteoblastic activity. In addition to its effects on bone health, CQ shows promise in the treatment of metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia by influencing insulin sensitivity, suppressing hunger, and lipid metabolism. Its multifunctional botanical properties are further supported by its gastroprotective, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective activities. Based on molecular research, CQ is thought to exert its therapeutic effects by lowering oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines and by influencing important cellular pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PPARγ. Integration into evidence-based medicine is hindered by the lack of extensive clinical validation and standardized formulations, notwithstanding the therapeutic potential. By outlining current findings and pointing out areas where more study is needed, this review offers a comprehensive overview of Cissus quadrangularis' phytochemistry, pharmacology, and medicinal uses. The purpose of this paper is to encourage further research into this adaptable plant and its potential use in contemporary health and wellness programs.