Effect of Piper Betel Linn Leaf Extract on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Despite the availability of pharmacological interventions for diabetes, long-term use of these drugs is often associated with adverse effects and financial burden, particularly in low-resource settings. Herbal remedies like Piper Betle (betel leaf), known for its antidiabetic properties, have shown promise in glycemic control. Hence, the current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of betel leaf extract on fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels among patients with T2DM. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the diabetic clinic of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. A total of 60 participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique, based on their fasting blood glucose levels and predefined inclusion criteria, and were assigned either the study group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The intervention group received betel leaf extract daily on an empty stomach for two weeks, while the control group received standard routine care. Fasting blood sugar levels were measured pre- and post-intervention. The study group showed a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar levels from 131.76 ± 3.12 mg/dL to 118.23 ± 1.47 mg/dL, while the control group showed no significant change (133.47 ± 1.13 to 131.92 ± 2.24 mg/dL, p = 0.78). Between-group comparison revealed a statistically significant difference in post-test fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels (p = 0.001). Betel leaf extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels among individuals with T2DM, suggesting its potential as a safe and cost-effective adjunct to conventional diabetes management. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate and expand the current findings including optimal dosing.