Preliminary Standardization and HPTLC Fingerprinting of Siddha Medicine Soosika Chooranam (SC): Physicochemical & Phytochemical Evaluation

Abstract

Soosika Chooranam (SC), a traditional polyherbal formulation cited in classical Siddha literature, has been used to treat various ailments, including gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory issues, and gynaecological conditions such as polycystic ovarian disease. With the growing global reliance on herbal medicines, ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of such traditional formulations has become imperative. This study aimed to perform preliminary standardisation of Soosika Chooranam in accordance with AYUSH-PLIM guidelines by conducting a comprehensive evaluation involving organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical, and chromatographic analyses. The organoleptic assessment confirmed SC as a brown, aromatic, fine powder with good flow properties. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash (9.7%), loss on drying (4%), and extractive values were within acceptable limits. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids, indicating potential bioactivity. High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting was carried out using both methanol and hydro alcohol extracts, demonstrating consistent and distinctive peaks at 254 nm and 366 nm, thus establishing a reliable chemical profile for SC. Safety assessments, including heavy metal analysis, microbial contamination testing, and aflatoxin testing, confirmed the absence of hazardous substances and pathogens. Overall, the study establishes preliminary quality benchmarks for Soosika Chooranam, reinforcing its safety and providing a foundation for further pharmacological and toxicological investigations to support its clinical use and regulatory acceptance.