Origin and Agroecological Distribution of Millets: A Geographical Insight of India and World

Abstract

Millets, a diverse group of small-seeded cereals, are among the earliest domesticated crops and continue to play a vital role in food security, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Their global and regional distribution reflects not only agro-ecological suitability but also socio-cultural preferences and economic considerations. India remains the world’s largest producer, contributing significantly to global millet cultivation, while Sub-Saharan Africa is equally prominent. This paper examines the geographical distribution of millets across the world with a focus on India, highlighting historical evolution, regional trends, ecological determinants, and policy implications. Drawing upon secondary data from FAO (2021, 2024), ICRISAT (2024), and peer-reviewed literature, this paper emphasizes the importance of millets in ensuring food and nutritional security, promoting sustainable agriculture, and supporting climate resilience. The study concludes that millet production and distribution are shaped by environmental, economic, and policy-driven factors, and that targeted interventions can enhance their role in global and regional food systems.